The “guarantees” of Germany and Italy will not “guarantee” Czechoslovak neutrality until the demands of Hungary and Poland are met – that is, their guarantee will not be given, if at all, until the division of Czechoslovakia progresses. It is to be feared that at that time, any guarantee, whether German, Italian or French and British, would have lost the meaning that it could have had one day. On 5 October, Beneš resigned as President of Czechoslovakia, recognizing that the fall of Czechoslovakia was inevitable. After the outbreak of World War II, he formed a Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London. On 6 December 1938, French Foreign Minister Bonnet and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop sign the German-French non-aggression pact in Paris. [80] [81] [82] The Czechoslovaks wanted to go into battle and mobilized the army. A quarter of a million disgruntled Czechs gathered in front of Prague`s Rudolfinum, where senior communist official Klement Gottwald spoke to them. France has also begun to mobilize its troops in the event of imminent war. President Beneš refused to start a war without the support of the Western powers. Although Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede the Sudetenland before September 28 or that war break out, the Munich Accords were not signed until September 30 at 1:30 a.m. .m.m, even though they were dated September 29. The signatories were Hitler, British Chamberlain, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier and Italian Mussolini.
The Sudetenland would join the empire on October 10 and the fate of the other territories would be decided by an international commission. Britain and France marched on gas and told Czechoslovakia that they had to fight Germany alone or act in accordance with the Munich accords. London, FridayThe Munich Accords give Hitler (initially) everything he wants, except that they may not allow him to get it as quickly as he would have done under Godesberg`s undizzy ultimatum. He will begin tomorrow the invasion of Czechoslovakia, as he threatened in his speech of 12 September. It is free to occupy all regions where Sudeten Germans are in the majority, and to do so in rapid stages. Joseph Stalin was irritated by the results of the Munich Conference. On 2 May 1935, France and the Soviet Union sign the Franco-Soviet Assistance Treaty with the aim of curbing Nazi German aggression. [56] The Soviets, who had a mutual military aid treaty with Czechoslovakia, felt betrayed by France, which also had a mutual military aid treaty with Czechoslovakia. [57] However, the British and French mostly used the Soviets as a threat to swing at the Germans. Stalin concluded that the West had actively cooperated with Hitler to hand over a Central European country to the Germans, raising fears that in the future they might do the same with the Soviet Union and allow the division of the USSR among Western nations.
This belief led the Soviet Union to orient its foreign policy towards rapprochement with Germany, which eventually led to the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939. [58] The British people expected war to come, and Chamberlain`s “statesman gesture” was initially greeted with applause. He was greeted as a hero by the royal family and invited to the balcony of Buckingham Palace before presenting the deal to the British Parliament. The generally positive reaction quickly deteriorated, despite the royal patronage. However, there was resistance from the beginning. Clement Attlee and the Labour Party rejected the deal, in alliance with two Conservative MPs, Duff Cooper and Vyvyan Adams, who until then had been seen as a stubborn and reactionary element in the Conservative Party. In Munich, Hitler won what he wanted – domination over Central Europe – and German troops marched into the Sudetenland on the night of October 1. The day before, the Czech government had adopted the Munich Pact. General Sirovy, Czech Prime Minister, told his people on the radio that he had experienced the most tragic moment of his life: “I am fulfilling the most painful duty that may ever have fallen on me, a duty worse than dying. the forces that stand against us compel us to recognize their superiority and act accordingly. In Germany, Josef Goebbels said: “We all walked on a thin metal cable over a dizzying abyss.